This paper is available for the academic year 2023-24.
The Russian twentieth century was an age of transformations - of revolution, of the Soviet Union, and of its collapse. In cultural terms, it was extraordinarily rich and varied.
This paper covers the period from the first ‘revolution’ in 1905, through 1917, to the death of Stalin in 1953. It travels from the poetry, film and theatre of the ‘Silver Age’, through the revolutionary experiments of avant-garde writers and film-makers, to the feel-good ideological texts of Stalinist Socialist Realism. In the fraught political arena of Soviet Russia, literature and culture were formed in relation to state imperatives, which could be accepted or rejected, but which were difficult to ignore. The texts that we study in this paper provide a wide variety of responses to the particular contexts of early twentieth-century Russia, and reveal the remarkable creativity that flourished, perhaps paradoxically, in that world.
This paper offers the chance to tackle texts of different kinds (novels, poetry, drama, short stories), work with different media (written texts, film, visual and performing arts), and different modes of cultural enquiry (literary criticism and theory, intellectual and cultural history).
The paper is divided into two sections. Section A examines two set texts: Isaac Babel’s cycle of Civil War stories Konarmiia (1926) and Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel Master i Margarita (1928-1940). Section B offers four thematic topics. Each of these topics will require you to think across disciplinary boundaries, to make connections among texts produced in a range of media, and to explore both verbal and visual modes of cultural expression.
SECTION A
Set Texts
Isaac Babel’, Konarmiia (1926)
Mikhail Bulgakov, Master i Margarita (various editions)
SECTION B
Topics
Topic 1: Crises of Representation
Please note that prior to every supervision you will have a discussion with your supervisor in which particular sources are recommended/selected.
Recommended primary sources:
Anton Chekhov, Diadia Vania; Vishnevyi sad.
Selected poetry by Aleksandr Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandel'shtam (see below under ‘Preparatory Reading’)
Aleksandr Blok, Balagan (play); Vsevolod Meierkho’d, ‘O balagane’ (about the staging of that play)
Extracts from Blok, “Krushenie gumanizma”; “O naznachenii poeta”
Topic 2: Opportunities: Revolutions in Art and Society
Recommended primary sources:
Selected poetry by Velimir Khlebnikov (see below); Futurist manifestos: ‘Poshcheshchina obshchestvennomu vkusu’; ‘Slovo kak takovoe’. Optional: Vladimir Maiakovskii, ‘Vladimir Maiakovskii: Tragediia’
Sergei Eisenstein, Stachka (1924); Visual art by Kazimir Malevich, Vladimir Tatlin.
Maiakovskii, Misteriia-Buf (1B read only prologue).
Evgenii Zamiatin, “O literature, revoliutsii i entropii’.
Topic 3: New Minds, New Bodies
Recommended primary sources:
Iurii Olesha, Zavist’ (novel, 1927)
Mikhail Zoshchenko, Rasskazy (short stories from the 1920s: see especially: Grimasа NEPa, Bania, Krizis, Aristokratka).
Aleksandra Kollontai, Liubov’ pchel trudovykh (novel, 1924)
Boris Barnet, Dom na Trubnoi (film, 1927)
Abram Room, Tret’ia Meshchanskaia (film, 1929)
Topic 4: Stalin’s Subjects
Recommended primary sources:
Abram Room, Strogii iunosha (film, 1936)
Grigorii Aleksandrov, Svetlyi put’ (film, 1940)
Aleksandr Medvedkin, Novaia Moskva (film, 1938)
Ivan Py’rev, Partiinyi bilet (film, 1936)
Andrei Platonov, Dzhan (novel, 1932)
Dziga Vertov, Tri pesni o Lenine (film, 1934)
Students who are planning to take SL14 are advised to read the following texts in preparation for the Michaelmas Term:
Anton Chekhov, any (or all) of the four plays, especially Diadia Vania; Vishnevyi sad
Poetry by Aleksandr Blok (including 'K Muze', ‘Kak tiazhelo khodit' sredi liudei’, ‘Utikhaet svetlyi veter’, ‘Dolor ante lucem’, ‘V restorane’); Anna Akhmatova (including ‘Vecherom’, ‘Mne ni k chemu odicheskie rati,’ ‘Szhala ri ruki pod temnoi vual'iu’); Mandel'shtam (‘Zvuk ostorozhnyi i glukhoi’, ‘Silentium’)
Isaak Babel’, Konarmiia
Also Blok's play Balagan
You could also watch:
films by Sergei Eisenstein (Stachka; Bronenosets Potemkin)
films by Abram Room (Tret’ia Meshchanskaia; Strogii iunosha)
films by Boris Barnet (Dom na Trubnoi)
If you have time, you can also read ahead towards the Lent term:
(especially) Mikhail Bulgakov, Master i Margarita
Iurii Olesha, Zavist’
Andrei Platonov, Dzhan
FOR BACKGROUND, PLEASE LOOK AT
Balina, Marina and Evgenii Dobrenko, eds.. Cambridge Companion to 20th- Century Russian Literature. CUP, 2011. This book contains many chapters that will be relevant to specific topics in this paper, and would be a useful text to refer to consistently throughout the year. Available HERE from computers in the .cam.ac.uk domain
AND/OR Emerson, Caryl. Cambridge Introduction to Russian Literature. Cambridge, 2008 [see especially Chapters 7-8].
Full reading list
Please see SL14 Course Handbook for details.
Teaching will consist of 16 lectures (8 in each of Michaelmas and Lent terms) and 4 2-hour seminars (in Easter Term). Students will have 10 supervisions. The lectures are designed to provide a general background for the course, and it is therefore intended that ALL lectures will be useful to all students.
In the examination, all Candidates must answer three questions. Section A of the examination will include either a commentary or an essay question for each set text. Candidates can write on ONE of the set texts, or may write a comparative essay treating both texts. Section B will consist of a number questions which relate to, but are not necessarily limited by, the frameworks of the topics taught in that academic year. There will be at least one question on the exam paper relating to each of the topics. Answers in Section B must be answered by reference to two or more texts by one or more authors. Students are free to draw on whatever appropriate material they have at your disposal in response to particular questions set— subject to the general principle, which appears as a rubric on the exam paper, that "candidates should not draw substantially on the same material more than once".
Candidates for Part IB may answer two questions from Section A and one from Section B (although they may choose to answer two questions from Section B if preferred). Candidates for Part II can answer any three questions. All Candidates must ensure that at least two of their answers on the paper as a whole refer to at least one literary text.
Students in Part IB may choose the long essay option in lieu of the written examination.
Prof Emma Widdis | |
Mr Joshua Heath |
